RBAC

Problem

Your company has 5,000 employees. 
Assigning individual permissions like:
Alice → permission 1
Alice → permission 2
Bob   → permission 1
... becomes impossible to manage.

Solution — Role-Based Access Control

Permissions are grouped into roles. 
Monitoring Reader
 ├─ read metrics
 ├─ read logs
 └─ read health

Alice → Monitoring Reader
Bob   → Monitoring Reader
Core idea: RBAC assigns permissions through reusable roles rather than individually.