Metrics
Problem
Logs tell you individual events.
But you want to know:
Is latency gradually increasing across the entire system?
Reading millions of log lines isn't the right representation.
Solution — Metrics
Record numerical measurements over time.
Request latency: 12:00 → 80ms 12:05 → 95ms 12:10 → 170ms
Core idea: metrics summarize system behaviour numerically over time.